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Jul 21 2024

Rankings and Bump Charts

Hectar’s Audrey Bourolleau and Francis Nappez presented their findings about greenhouse gas emissions in the industrial production of bread baguettes at the 2024 Lean Summit in France. They see a major impact in (1) farming and (2) the production of fertilizer and plant protection products. Together, these categories account for 58% of total emissions but barely 6% of the costs. This suggests that improvements in these two areas could cut emissions in half with a minimal impact on bread prices.

This is about the visualization of this kind of information with bump charts/slopegraphs. Edward Tufte prefers slopegraph but bump chart is more common.

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By Michel Baudin • Data science • 2 • Tags: Bump chart, Slopegraph, Visualization

RealityExpectancy

Jul 18 2024

What is Quality?

Professionals working on quality don’t usually discuss what it is. Instead, they assume a shared understanding that often isn’t there. Individuals with training in different approaches generalize from different experiences and talk past each other. In meetings, these divergent views are often not aired; in the uninhibited environment of social media, on the other hand, they often degenerate into insults and personal attacks. Let’s try and address this foundational issue. 

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By Michel Baudin • Management • 1 • Tags: Quality, Quality Control

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Jun 15 2024

True And False Alarms in Quality Control

The SPC literature does not consider what happens when an organization successfully uses its tools. It stabilizes unstable processes so that disruption from assignable causes becomes increasingly rare. While this happens, the false alarms from the common causes remain at the same frequency, and the ratio of true to false alarms drops to a level that destroys the credibility of the alarms.

This is a signal that further quality improvement can only be pursued with other tools, typically the conversion to one-piece flow to accelerate the detection of problems and, once human error becomes the dominant cause of defects, error-proofing. This article digs into the details of how this happens with control charts. 

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By Michel Baudin • Quality • 4 • Tags: Control Chart, False Alarm, Quality, SPC, True Alarm

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Apr 24 2024

When Not to Connect the Dots

When plotting a sequence of points, should we connect the dots into a line? We usually do, but it shouldn’t be a foregone conclusion. Every chart element should have a clear and precise meaning: if we can’t explain what it means or it is ambiguous, it confuses readers and we should omit it.

The bulk of the SPC literature shows Control Charts as broken-line graphs. 100 years ago, Walter Shewhart, the inventor of these charts, plotted separate points instead. He did not explain why, so it’s on us to try and figure out what may have been his reasons.

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By Michel Baudin • Data science • 1

BernouilliFallacyFeature2

Mar 25 2024

A Review of Bernoulli’s Fallacy

Aubrey Clayton’s book, Bernoulli’s Fallacy, covers the same ground as Jaynes’s Probability Theory: The Logic of Science, for a broader audience. It is also an easier read, at 347 pages versus 727. In addition, the author also discusses the socio-political context of mathematical statistics in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. According to his account, mistakes ranged from justice and medicine to social sciences. It ends with recommendations to avoid repeating them. 

This book is definitely a shot from the Bayesian side in the war between Bayesians and frequentists.  It is tearing apart the world of statisticians but most data scientists have no wish to enlist on either side.  They should nonetheless read it, for challenging ideas and historical background. 

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By Michel Baudin • Book reviews • 3 • Tags: Bayesian Statistics, Frequentist statistics

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Mar 5 2024

Process Control and Gaussians

The statistical quality profession has a love/hate relationship with the Gaussian distribution. In SPC, it treats it like an embarrassing spouse. It uses the Gaussian distribution as the basis for all its control limits while claiming it doesn’t matter. In 2024, what role, if any, should this distribution play in the setting of action limits for quality characteristics?

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By Michel Baudin • Data science, Technology • 1 • Tags: Control Charts, Control Limits, FMEA, gaussian, Normal distribution, pFMEA, process control, Quality, SPC

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