Asenta selection

Apr 19 2015

More Recommendations on Part Numbering

Three years ago, a previous post made the case for the key approach to nomenclature, as opposed to the obsolete “smart” numbering systems. In the key approach, the only job of a part number is to be a unique item identifier, through which all relevant information can be retrieved from a database. But you still need to think what items you want to have unique IDs for.

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By • Asenta selection, Information Technology • 1 • Tags: ,

Oct 12 2013

Silos, “Value Streams,” and Lean Implementation

The on-line chatter about Lean is all about how you need to break down functional departments — or silos — and organize the company around “Value Streams” that encompass all the resources needed to fulfill orders for a product or product family, and are close cousins of BPR’s business processes and Wickham Skinner’s focused factories. When discussing implementation, however, the same value stream boosters/silo busters recommend that you start by setting up a “Kaizen Promotion Office” or “Lean Department.” This reminds me of the 1980s BBC series Yes Minister, in which an effort to streamline government starts with the creation of a new “Ministry of Administrative Affairs” and the hiring of 25,000 more civil servants to do the streamlining.

While it is ironic to create a new functional department while talking value streams, it reflects a reality: the notion of organizing everything by value stream is simplistic. As discussed in my comments on Deming’s exhortation to break down barriers between departments, there are many activities in a manufacturing organization that we cannot or should not distribute among value streams, including the following:

  1. Processes like heat treatment, painting or plating that we have to operate as common services performed on monuments for multiple value streams because we technically do not know how to execute them on smaller machines that can be dedicated by production lines.
  2. Support services like maintenance that require a minimum number of members of members for at least one to be available when called. If you have 20 technicians in a central maintenance department that are busy 80% of the time, then at least one will be available if a machine breaks 1-.8^{20}=99\% of the time. If you split this department into 4 groups of 5 technicians each assigned to a value stream, then, if a machine breaks down within any value stream technician availability will be reduced to an unacceptably low $latex 1-.8^{5}=67\%$ of the time.
  3. Support services that deal with external entities on behalf of the whole company or plant, like Quality or Safety for certification, or Shipping and Receiving with truckers.
  4. Support services whose job it is to maintain a common environment for operations, such as technical data management or IT.
  5. …

As for the Kaizen Promotion Office or Lean Department, mission creep all too often takes it from a feasible facilitation and communication role to a direct implementation role, which is hopeless because:

  1. The operations groups have no ownership of the changes made by the Lean Department, do not understand them, and frequently reverse them as soon as they have a chance.
  2. The Lean Department cannot be large enough to have the capacity to do everything that is needed.

For the changes to happen and to stick, there is no alternative to leadership from within the organizations responsible for the target operations and participation by individuals who are directly affected.

By • Asenta selection, Organization structure • 2 • Tags: , , ,

Howie Makem

Dec 16 2012

Deming’s Point 10 of 14 – Eliminate slogans and exhortations

Deming’s full statement is as follows:

Eliminate slogans, exhortations, and targets for the work force asking for zero defects and new levels of productivity. Such exhortations only create adversarial relationships, as the bulk of the causes of low quality and low productivity belong to the system and thus lie beyond the power of the work force.

Ben Hamper’s Rivethead

This point reminds me of Howie Makem, the quality cat lampooned by Ben Hamper in Rivethead in 1986, about the same time Deming’s Out of the Crisis was published. At the time, Ben Hamper was a riveter at GM’s Truck plant in Flint, MI, who could describe his shop floor experience with the wit of a Tom Wolfe. Rivethead was originally a column in Michael Moore’s Flint Voice, later edited into a book.

According to Hamper, the management of the plant had decided that what it needed to improve quality was a mascot for workers to rally around, and organized a naming contest, of which “Howie Makem” was the winning entry. The mascot then materialized as a man in a cat suit with a large Q embroidered on a red cape walking the floor and exhorting operators to improve quality amid jeers, catcalls and the occasional bolt throw. Howie Makem is one of the few artifacts of which no picture can be found on Google, which is why I had to draw it from Hamper’s description.

Spending time and money on slogans, mascots, banners and monogrammed shirts or mugs is predicated on the assumptions (1) that quality and productivity problems are primarily due to lack of motivation in shop floor operators and (2) that it can be changed by the same kind of marketing campaign that works for selling detergents. Deming’s and Hamper’s point is that it is counterproductive and that these assumptions are false.

The key points that I see about appropriate public relations and communications around Lean are as follows:

Do it first, play it back later

Improvement does need marketing and promotion inside the company, to customers, and to suppliers, but not at the start of the effort, and not in this form.

The beginning of an improvement program like Lean transformation is when it is most likely to fail. At that time, the organization, from management to line workers, has everything to learn about its technical and managerial content, as well as the art of implementing it. It is then that they will make the most mistakes and therefore least need publicity. The first pilot projects only need to be known and understood by those who are directly involved, and should not be announced upfront with a marching band at an all-hands meeting. You are much better off trumpeting results once the projects are successes that can inspire others. And even then, it is not done with slogans but by testimonials of participants, demonstrating the improvements directly on the floor or in video recordings.

With outsiders as well, you do it first and play it back later. You don’t announce what you are going to do, but, once it is done, you make it a field trip destination for local schoolchildren as well as other industrial tourists.

Car companies and public relations on manufacturing

Toyota plants have visitor centers with posters on the products and cartoons explaining the production system to children and have a whole staff of professional tour guides taking groups on a set path through the plant, wearing headsets to hear the explanations. These tours are part of public relations and not given by retirees, as is the case at many other companies.

Porsches-Leipzig-plant
Porsche Leipzig

Porsche in Leipzig charges customers €1,000 extra to spend a day at the plant to pick up their Panameras or Cayennes, during which they get a tour of the shop floor featuring their version of Lean, a lunch at top of the visitor center, and an hour with a driving pro on the test track to learn how best to drive their new car in various conditions.A striking feature of this plant site, is that it is dominated by the round, inverted diamond shape of the visitor center, on the top left of the photogaph, between the test track on the left and the production shops on the right.

g.-volkswagen-transparent-assembly-plant-in-dresden
VW transparent assembly plant in Dresden

This is part of a new marketing trend in Germany, where, rather than hide plants away, you locate the cleanest, most automated and most spectacular processes where your customers, or even the public at large, can see them. In this spirit, Volkswagen has located a plant downtown Dresden, with glass walls for passersby to see the final assembly of cars.

Motorcycle homecoming at Honda in Marysville in 2005
Motorcycle homecoming, Honda Marysville, 2005

Honda pioneered a different form of promotion of its manufacturing system to end users with its homecomings at the Honda motorcycle plant in Marysville, OH, where, once a year, they hosted bikers who see the production lines and meet the operators who built their bikes. The same approach was later emulated by the now defunct Saturn division of GM.

Companies in other industries rarely go this far, particularly when their products do not excite the public’s imagination. Bart Simpson’s class goes on a field trip to a box factory, which does not generate much enthusiasm.

Promotion of Lean efforts by component suppliers

If you make components to sell to OEMs rather than to consumers, the promotion of your Lean programs takes a different form, with customers sending teams of auditors to assess whether you are “Lean enough” to do business with, and they may send you supplier support engineers to help you implement Lean to their satisfaction. This means that you must present your plant in a way that allows the auditors to check all the marks needed to give you the right score, even if it means setting up a Potemkin village with tools that you don’t think are essential to your business.

Working with your customers’ supplier support organization — or supporting your own suppliers — is a different process, requiring a deeper level of involvement, and it is not a matter of public relations for either side, and should not be treated as one. The customer provides free consulting to help the supplier increase productivity and improve quality. In exchange, the supplier reduces prices by a fixed ratio every year, calculated so that the improvements are to economic benefit of both sides. The customer pays less, while the supplier makes more profits. It is a win-win, but not an easy system to set up and operate. It involves top management, engineering on both sides, purchasing on the customer side, and customer service on the supplier side, and it is not run by Public Relations.

By • Asenta selection, Deming • 9 • Tags: , , , , ,

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